数值波浪水槽在半圆堤波浪力计算中的应用

以N-S方程为控制方程,以k-ε模型为紊动封闭模型,采用VOF方法重构自由表面,建立了垂向二维数值波浪水槽。模拟了规则波与半圆堤的作用过程,结果表明,单点数模波压力过程与物模实测结果符合良好。研究中发现,数模计算中若堤后计算区域设置过短,堤上越浪可以引起堤后水量累积和水位上升现象,从而造成堤身背浪面压强总体增大,由此算得的防波堤总水平波浪力最大值偏小16%~20%。提出了将堤后计算区域延长到4~5倍波长的办法,计算结果表明,堤身背浪面压强上升及堤身总水平力下降现象基本消失。     

利用Boussinesq方程对作用于大直径圆筒结构上的波浪力进行数值模拟

采用求解Beji和Nadaoka改进的Boussinesq方程,模拟了波浪在多个串连大圆筒结构前的反射,得到了作用于圆筒结构上的波浪力。空间离散采用有限元方法,可以较好地适应圆筒结构表面形成的复杂边界形状。数值模拟结果与公开发表的物理模型试验成果进行了比较,符合较好。     

An Exploration of the Relationship between Timing and Duration of Maintenance Activities

The timing and duration of an activity episode are two important temporal aspects of activity-travel behavior. Understanding the causal relationship between these two variables would be useful in the development of activity-based travel demand modeling systems. This paper investigates the relationship between these two variables by considering two different causal structures – one structure in which time-of-day choice is determined first and influences duration and a second structure in which activity duration is determined first and affects time-of-day choice. These two structures are estimated within a discrete-continuous simultaneous equations framework employing a full-information maximum likelihood methodology that allows error covariance. The estimation is performed separately for commuter and non-commuter samples drawn from a 1996 household travel survey data set from the Tampa Bay area in Florida. The results of the model estimation effort show that the causal structure in which activity duration precedes or affects activity timing (time of day choice) performs better for the non-commuter sample. For the commuter sample, the findings were less conclusive with both causal structures offering equally good statistical measures of fit. In addition, for the commuter sample, all error correlations were found to be zero. These two findings suggest that time of day choice and activity episode duration are only loosely related for the commuter sample, possibly due to the relatively non-discretionary and inflexible work activity and travel.     

基于能量分配的特定畸形波序列的数值模拟

文章对一个理论畸形波序列进行了数值模拟并且将数值结果与理论值做了对比.采用速度入口方法以实现波浪模拟.在造波边界处不考虑高阶波浪成分,只输入线性波浪速度.分别采用三种不同分辨率的网格进行数值模拟,以找到足够有效捕捉自由面的网格模型.考虑到快速傅里叶变换不能反映畸形波的时频特征,因而引入小波变换研究畸形波传播过程中的能量变化.最后比较了北海实测畸形波和文中理论畸形波小波变换的差异.     

Local joint flexibility of tubular X-joints stiffened with external ring or external plates

In the present paper, the Local Joint Flexibility (LJF) of the ring-stiffened X-joints and plate-stiffened X-joints under compressive load is investigated. In the first phase, a finite element (FE) model was generated and verified with the results of available experimental tests and equations. In the next phase, a set number of 234 FE models were created to evaluate the role of the external ring size (β_r and τ_r), the external plate size (β_p and τ_p), and the connection geometry (γ, τ, and β) on the LJF factor (f_LJF). In these FE models, the weld connecting the chord and brace members was generated. The results indicated that the f_LJF of a plate stiffened joint can be down to 76% of the f_LJF of the corresponding un-stiffened joint. Also, the effect of the ring size on the f_LJF was more than the effect of the plate size on the f_LJF, because of the stiffener position. Despite the notable effect of the ring and the plate on the f_LJF, there is not any study or formula on tubular connections stiffened with ring or plate. Therefore, the FE results were used to propose two parametric formulas for determining the f_LJF in X-joints with external ring or external plate under brace compressive load. Moreover, the derived formulas were checked based on the UK DoE acceptance criteria.     

非线性扩散作用下一类四阶抛物方程解研究

主要研究相变理论及薄膜润滑理论中出现的一类四阶退化抛物方程,函数及二阶拉普拉斯算子作用下在边界上为0,初始时间为已知函数.通过对时间的半离散,依据椭圆型方程解的存在性,构造逼近解,进而获得相应的抛物方程解的存在性及唯一性.方法上,依赖于对逼近解做半离散迭代估计、能量估计以及紧性讨论.     

竖向荷载作用于半无限体内部时的粘弹性解

建筑物的持续沉降,特别是软土地区的建筑物基础沉降通常与地基土的流变性密切相关。考虑地基土的粘弹性特征,系统研究了空间半无限体内部作用集中力时的粘弹性解。研究假定半无限体为线性粘弹性介质,半无限体在内部集中力作用下的应力状态为三维应力状态,应力球张量和应变球张量之间符合弹性关系,而应力偏张量和应变偏张量之间符合Kevin固体粘弹性应力应变关系。利用半空间体内部受竖向集中力的Mindlin弹性解,根据准静态弹性-弹粘性对应原理,在相同荷载条件下,首先对弹性解进行Laplace变换,然后将弹性解中的物理参数用线性粘弹性理论中经过Laplace变换的物理参数来替代,最后再进行Laplace逆变换,求得位移、应力粘弹性解答。作为解答的应用,给出了粘弹性半无限空间体内部矩形面积上作用有竖向均布荷载、三角形分布荷载时的粘弹性沉降计算公式。解答的退化验证表明,该粘弹性解答是正确的,所得到的解答对工程实践具有一定的意义。     

Tractor-semitrailer model for vehicles carrying liquids

This article presents a model for solving solid-fluid interactions in vehicles carrying liquids. A tractor-semitrailer model is developed by incorporating suspension systems and tire dynamics. Owing to the solid-fluid interaction, equations of motion for the vehicle system are coupled. To simplify the complicated solution procedure, the coupled equations are solved separately using two different codes. Each code is analyzed separately; but as the parameters of the two codes depend on each other, the codes must be connected at the end of each time step. To determine the dynamic behavior of the system, different braking moments are applied. As the braking moments increase, braking time decreases. However, it turns out that increasing the braking moment to more than a certain level produces no significant results. It is also shown that vehicles carrying fluids need a greater amount of braking moments in comparison to vehicles carrying solids during braking. In addition, as the level of the fluid inside the tanker increases, from one-third to two-third of the tanker's volume, the sloshing forces applied to the tanker's walls increase. It was also concluded that the strategy used in this article to solve for the solid-fluid interaction by incorporating vehicle dynamic effects represents an effective method for determining the dynamic behavior of vehicles carrying fluids in other critical maneuvers.     

移动荷载下粘弹地基上刚性道面板响应分析

文中以一种更符合机场刚性道面实际情况的力学计算模型——移动荷载作用下粘弹性地基上无限大弹性薄板系统来研究道面弯沉的求解。应用线性系统的叠加原理和坐标变换，建立求解系统的动力响应广义积分公式，把运动荷载问题转化为获取位移脉冲响应函数。利用拉普拉斯和汉克尔变换求解板在瞬时点源荷载作用下的解，再结合广义积分得到道面板在移动荷载作用下的弯沉解析解。     

随机变分方程解的存在,唯一性问题

研究了随机有限元方法的理论基础－随机变分方程解的合理性问题，证明了一般形式的随机变分方程解的存在与唯一性定性，明确了在随机扰动算子不足以破坏均值微分算子的强制性条件－不会导致方程类型变异的前提下，Ｆｒｅｄｈｏｌｍ择一定理的第二个结果成立，此时在概率１的意义上变分解存在而且唯一。